Experimental computations of atomic properties on a superconducting quantum processor

Abstract

We experimentally compute relativistic and correlation effects in the atomic properties by using a superconducting qubit processor. Specifically, we compute the relativistic ground-state energies and magnetic-dipole hyperfine structure constants for four Li-like atomic systems ranging from very light to moderately heavy to very heavy in terms of nuclear charge. A symmetry-conserving Bravyi-Kitaev transformation is used to reduce the original six-qubit problem to a four-qubit problem, which is experimentally contrived by reducing the hardware requirement by employing a virtual two-qubit gate. It enables the simulation of four-qubit circuits using two physical qubits with additional circuit evaluations. The ground-state wave functions, required for computing atomic properties, are obtained by using quantum state tomography. Our results show that the averaged relative errors for the ground-state energies are ≈0.3±1%. However, for the hyperfine structure constants, the mean values of the relative errors are less than 15%, with their estimated upper bound of relative errors of ≈±10% (with the exception of 7.2±47% for neutral Li7). Notably, our results for the hyperfine structure constants exhibit higher sensitivity to errors as compared to energies; a trend which we also confirm through additional numerical simulations.

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