Experimental confirmation of Aharonov-Bohm effect using a toroidal magnetic field confined by a superconductor

Nobuyuki Osakabe; Tsuyoshi Matsuda; Takeshi Kawasaki; Junji Endo; Akira Tonomura; Shinichiro Yano; Hiroji Yamada

doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.34.815

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Experimental confirmation of Aharonov-Bohm effect using a toroidal magnetic field confined by a superconductor

Nobuyuki Osakabe, Tsuyoshi Matsuda, Takeshi Kawasaki, Junji Endo, Akira Tonomura, Shinichiro Yano, Hiroji Yamada

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevA.34.815 · Physical Review A

T1

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Abstract

The electron holography technique was employed to make a crucial test of the existence of the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect. The relative phase shift was measured between two electron waves passing through spaces inside and outside a tiny toroidal ferromagnet, covered completely with a superconductor layer and a Cu layer. Below the transition temperature the relative phase shift was measured to be 0 or π due to the magnetic-flux quantization in units of h/2e. The results directly demonstrated the existence of the AB effect even when the magnetic field was confined by the surrounding superconductor due to the Meissner effect and an electron beam was prevented from penetrating the magnet.

Source-reported materials — not catalogue approval

Formula	Reported Tc (K)	Pressure (GPa)	Type
Nb Archive — visibility unverified Source-occurrence policy only; no material identity or catalogue acceptance is inferred from the formula.	9.2	Pressure not reported	unknown