Strong Coupling of a Gd3+ Multilevel Spin System to an On-Chip Superconducting Resonator
Giovanni Franco-Rivera, Josiah Cochran, Seiji Miyashita, Sylvain Bertaina, Irinel Chiorescu
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024067 · Physical Review Applied
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Abstract
We report the realization of a strong coupling between a Gd3+ spin ensemble hosted in a scheelite (CaWO4) single crystal and the resonant mode of a coplanar-strip-line superconducting cavity leading to a large separation of spin-photon states of 146 MHz. The interaction is well described by the Dicke model and the crystal-field Hamiltonian of the multilevel spin system. We observe a change of the crystal-field parameters due to the presence of photons in the cavity, which generates a significant perturbation of the crystal ground state. Using finite-element calculations, we numerically estimate the cavity sensing volume as well as the average spin-photon coupling strength of g0/2π≈620Hz. Lastly, the dynamics of the spin-cavity states are explored via pulsed measurements by recording the cavity ring-down signal as a function of the pulse length and the amplitude. The results indicate a potential method to initialize this multilevel system in its ground state via an active cooling process.
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