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Proposal to detect emergent gauge field and its Meissner effect in spin liquids using NV centers

Patrick A. Lee, Sid Morampudi

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.107.195102 · Physical Review B

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Abstract

We show that nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers could provide distinct signatures of emergent gauge fields in certain phase transitions in spin liquids. We consider the relaxation rate 1/T1 of a diamond NV center placed a distance z0 above a crystal consisting of two-dimensional layers which hosts a U(1) quantum spin liquid with spinon Fermi surface. We show that, during a spinon pairing transition from a U(1) to a Z2 spin liquid, the relaxation rate exhibits a rapid fall just below the pairing transition. The drop is much faster than what can be accounted for by the opening of the energy gap. Instead, the rapid fall with a unique z0 dependence of its height and width is the signature of the Meissner effect of the gauge field. We identify the organic ET compound which has a phase transition at 6 K as a candidate for the experimental observation of this phenomenon.

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