Mixed higher-order topology, and nodal and nodeless flat band topological phases in a superconducting multiorbital model

Abstract

We investigate the topological phases that appear in an orbital version of the Benalcazar-Bernevig-Hughes (BBH) model in the presence of conventional spin-singlet s-wave superconductivity and with the possibility of tuning an in-plane magnetic field. We chart out the phase diagram by considering different boundary conditions, with the topology of the individual phases further examined by considering both the Wannier and entanglement spectra, as well as the Majorana polarization. For weak to moderate values of magnetic field and superconducting pairing amplitude, we find a second-order topological superconductor phase with eight zero-energy corner modes. Further increasing field or pairing, half of the corner states can be turned into zero-energy edge-localized modes, thus forming what we name hybrid-order phase. Then, we find two different putative first-order topological phases, a nodal and a nodeless phase, both with zero-energy flat bands localized along mirror-symmetric open edges. For the nodal phase, the flat bands are, as expected, localized between the nodes in reciprocal space, while in the nodeless phase, the zero-energy boundary flat band instead spans the whole Brillouin zone and appears disjoint from the fully gapped bulk spectrum. As a consequence, this model present several unexpected phases with unusual surface states that can be tuned via an external magnetic field.

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