Effective Lagrangians for BCS superconductors at T=0
Ian J. R. Aitchison, Ping Ao, David J. Thouless, X.-M. Zhu
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.51.6531 · Physical Review B
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Abstract
We show that the low-frequency, long-wavelength dynamics of the phase of the pair field for a BCS-type s-wave superconductor at T=0 is equivalent to that of a time-dependent nonlinear Schrödinger Lagrangian (TDNLSL), when terms required by Galilean invariance are included. If the modulus of the pair field is also allowed to vary, the system is equivalent to two coupled TDNLSL’s.
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