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Parity effect in a small superconducting grain: A rigorous result

Guang-Shan Tian, Lei-Han Tang

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.12333 · Physical Review B

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Abstract

The parity effect in an ultrasmall superconducting grain is examined. By applying a generalized version of Lieb’s spin-reflection positivity technique, we show rigorously that the parity parameter ΔP is nonvanishing in such a system. A positive lower bound for ΔP is derived.

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