Vortex dissipation in clean superconductors at ultralow temperatures

Abstract

For a three-dimensional superconductor, we establish the conditions for crossover from quantum to classical dissipation depending on the vortex velocity, on the electron-phonon relaxation rate, and on the impurity mean free path in the regime of ultralow temperatures. The crossover occurs for such a vortex velocity that the dissipated power is large enough to heat electrons in the core above the temperature of the order of the distance ω0 between localized levels in the vortex core [C. Caroli, P. G. de Gennes, and J. Matricon, Phys. Lett. 9, 307 (1964)]. The electronic temperature T* comes into play in the superclean limit ω0τimp≫1 and takes the part of the heat bath temperature T. The electronic temperature can be essentially higher than T due to a very slow inelastic relaxation for T∼ω0.

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