Effect of quantum fluctuations on even-odd energy difference in a Cooper-pair box
R. M. Lutchyn
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.212501 · Physical Review B
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Abstract
We study the effect of quantum charge fluctuations on the discrete spectrum of charge states of a small superconducting island (Cooper-pair box) connected to a large finite-size superconductor by a tunnel junction. In particular, we calculate the reduction of the even-odd energy difference δE due to virtual tunneling of electrons across the junction. We show that the renormalization effects are important for understanding the quasiparticle “poisoning” effect because δE determines the activation energy of a trapped quasiparticle in the Cooper-pair box. We find that renormalization of the activation energy depends on the dimensionless normal-state conductance of the junction gT and becomes strong at gT⪢1.
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