Inhomogeneous state in nonequilibrium superconductor/normal-metal tunnel structures: A Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell-like phase for nonmagnetic systems
A. Moor, A. F. Volkov, K. B. Efetov
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.054516 · Physical Review B
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Abstract
We analyze nonequilibrium states in a tunnel superconductor-normal-metal (N/S/N) structure in the presence of a tunnel current I. We use an approximation of an effective temperature T and calculate the current-voltage I−V characteristics. It is shown that the I−V dependence may have an S-shaped form. We determine nonuniform current I(x) and temperature T(x) distributions that arise as a result of instability of the uniform state with negative differential conductance (dI/dV<0). We discuss an analogy with equilibrium superconductors with an exchange field in which nonuniform states predicted by Larkin/Ovchinnikov and Fulde/Ferrell are possible.
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