Simulating neutrino oscillations on a superconducting qutrit
Ha C. Nguyen, Bao G. Bach, Tien D. Nguyen, Duc M. Tran, Duy V. Nguyen, Hung Q. Nguyen
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevD.108.023013 · Physical Review D
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Abstract
Neutrino oscillations are genuine quantum phenomena in which coherent oscillations are maintained over a long distance. As a result, in principle, the phenomena can be studied efficiently using quantum simulations. In today’s noisy quantum hardware, encoding neutrinos in a multiqubit system requires a redundant basis and tricky entangling gates. We encode a three-flavor neutrino in a superconducting qutrit and study its oscillations using Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata theory with time evolution expressed in terms of single qutrit gates. The qutrit is engineered from the multilevel structure of IBM transmon devices. High-fidelity gate control and readout are fine-tuned using programming microwave pulses using a high-level language. Our quantum simulations on real hardware match the analytical calculations well in three oscillation cases: vacuum, interaction with matter, and CP violation.
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