Search for magnetic monopoles trapped in old iron ores using a superconducting detector

Takeo Ebisu; Tadashi Watanabe

doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.36.3359

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Search for magnetic monopoles trapped in old iron ores using a superconducting detector

Takeo Ebisu, Tadashi Watanabe

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevD.36.3359 · Physical Review D

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Abstract

Magnetically trapped monopoles were sought in iron ores using a set of two SQUID (superconducting quantum-interference device) fluxmeters. We operated the apparatus under a sintering furnace in an industrial ore-processing plant for two months and tried to observe a signal of a monopole penetrating superconducting coils after its release from ore paramagnetized through a heat treatment. No candidate events were found consistent with the passage of a magnetic charge greater than 0.6 times Dirac’s unit strength gD. The total weight of ore examined varies between 137 and ∼104 tons, depending on what mechanism is assumed for the release of monopoles. By taking the most modest estimate, we obtain an upper limit of 2.2×10−7 monopoles/g [95% confidence level (C.L.)] for the density of very massive monopoles (1014–1017 GeV/c2) in iron ores which involve ferro/ferri-ferrimagnetic ingredients of age 107–109 yr to the extent of 10%. The free-monopole flux is also obtained as less than 1.4×10−10/cm2sec sr (90% C.L.), irrespective of its mass or velocity from a 57-d live time of two 20-cm-diam search coils.