Possible formation of high temperature superconductor at an early stage of heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We investigate the effect of the inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC) on charged ρ meson condensation at finite temperature in the framework of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, where mesons are calculated to the leading order of 1/Nc expansion. The IMC for chiral condensate has been considered using three different approaches: incorporating the chiral condensate from lattice data, using the running coupling constant, and introducing the chiral chemical potential, respectively. It is observed that with no IMC effect included, the critical magnetic field eBc for charged ρ condensation increases monotonically with the temperature. However, including IMC substantially affects the polarized charged ρ condensation around the critical temperature Tc of the chiral phase transition: first, the critical magnetic field eBc for the charged ρ condensation decreases with the temperature, reaches its minimum value around Tc, and then increases with the temperature. It is quite surprising that the charged ρ can condense above the critical temperature of chiral phase transition with a even smaller critical magnetic field comparing its vacuum value. The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model calculation shows that in the temperature region of 1–1.5Tc, the critical magnetic field for charged ρ condensation is rather small and in the region of eBc∼0.15–0.3 GeV2, which suggests that high temperature superconductor might be created through noncentral heavy ion collisions at LHC energies.

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