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Fluctuations of heat in driven two-state systems: Application to a single-electron box with superconducting gap

Tuomas Pyhäranta, Luca Peliti, Jukka P. Pekola

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.107.054113 · Physical Review E

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Abstract

By using trajectory averaging to analyze the statistics of energy dissipation in the nonequilibrium energy-state transitions of a driven two-state system, we show that the average energy dissipation induced by external driving is connected to its fluctuations about equilibrium through the simple relation 2kBT〈Q〉=〈δQ2〉, which is preserved by an adiabatic approximation scheme. We use this scheme to obtain the heat statistics of a single-electron box with a superconducting lead in the slow-driving regime, where the dissipated heat becomes normally distributed with a relatively high probability to be extracted from the environment rather than dissipated. We also discuss the validity of heat fluctuation relations beyond driven two-state transitions and the slow-driving regime.

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FormulaReported Tc (K)Pressure (GPa)Type
Al

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—Pressure not reportedunknown

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