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Universal spectral statistics of Andreev billiards: Semiclassical approach

Sven Gnutzmann, Burkhard Seif, Felix von Oppen, Martin R. Zirnbauer

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevE.67.046225 · Physical Review E

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Abstract

The symmetry classification of complex quantum systems has recently been extended beyond the Wigner-Dyson classes. Several of the novel symmetry classes can be discussed naturally in the context of superconducting-normal hybrid systems such as Andreev billiards and graphs. In this paper, we give a semiclassical interpretation of their universal spectral form factors in the ergodic limit.

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