Giant Thermoelectric Response of Fluxons in Superconductors
Alok Nath Singh, Bibek Bhandari, Alessandro Braggio, Francesco Giazotto, Andrew N. Jordan
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.256002 · Physical Review Letters
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Abstract
We investigate the thermoelectric response of an Abrikosov vortex in type-II superconductors in the deep quantum limit. We consider two thermoelectric geometries, a type-II superconductor–insulator–normal-metal (S−I−N) junction and a local scanning tunneling microscope (STM)-tip normal metal probe over the superconductor. We exploit the strong breaking of particle-hole symmetry in vortex-bound states at subgap energies within the superconducting vortex to realize a giant thermoelectric response in the presence of fluxons. We predict a thermovoltage of a few mV/K at subkelvin temperatures using both semianalytic and numerical self-consistent solutions of the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations. Relevant thermoelectric coefficients and figures of merit ZT are found within our models, both in linear and nonlinear regimes. ZT of the S−I−N junction is around 1, rising to above 3 for the STM junction centered at the vortex core. We also discuss how this system can be used as a sensitive low-temperature thermocouple, or a localized bolometer to detect low-energy single photons.
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