Quantum Andreev Map: A Paradigm of Quantum Chaos in Superconductivity
Ph. Jacquod, H. Schomerus, C. W. J. Beenakker
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.207004 · Physical Review Letters
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Abstract
We introduce quantum maps with particle-hole conversion (Andreev reflection) and particle-hole symmetry, which exhibit the same excitation gap as quantum dots in the proximity to a superconductor. Computationally, the Andreev maps are much more efficient than billiard models of quantum dots. This makes it possible to test analytical predictions of random-matrix theory and semiclassical chaos that were previously out of reach of computer simulations. We have observed the universal distribution of the excitation gap for a large Lyapunov exponent and the logarithmic reduction of the gap when the Ehrenfest time becomes comparable to the quasiparticle dwell time.
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