Colloquium: Nonequilibrium effects in superconductors with a spin-splitting field

F. Sebastian Bergeret; Mikhail Silaev; Pauli Virtanen; Tero T. Heikkilä

doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.90.041001

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Colloquium: Nonequilibrium effects in superconductors with a spin-splitting field

F. Sebastian Bergeret, Mikhail Silaev, Pauli Virtanen, Tero T. Heikkilä

DOI 10.1103/RevModPhys.90.041001 · Reviews of Modern Physics

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Abstract

This Colloquium discusses the recent progress in understanding the properties of spin-split superconductors under nonequilibrium conditions. Recent experiments and theories demonstrate a rich variety of transport phenomena occurring in devices based on such materials that suggest direct applications in thermoelectricity, low-dissipative spintronics, radiation detection, and sensing. This text discusses different experimental situations and presents a theoretical framework based on quantum kinetic equations. This framework provides an accurate description of the nonequilibrium distribution of charge, spin, and energy, which are the relevant nonequilibrium modes, in different hybrid structures. This Colloquium also reviews experiments on spin-split superconductors and shows how transport measurements reveal the properties of the nonequilibrium modes and their mutual coupling. In particular, the emphasis of the text is on spin injection and diffusion and very large thermoelectric effects in spin-split superconductors.

Source-reported materials — not catalogue approval

Formula	Reported Tc (K)	Pressure (GPa)	Type
Al Archive — visibility unverified Source-occurrence policy only; no material identity or catalogue acceptance is inferred from the formula.	—	Pressure not reported	unknown