Multimode Purcell filter for superconducting-qubit reset and readout with intrinsic Purcell protection

Abstract

Efficient qubit reset and leakage reduction are essential for scalable superconducting quantum computing, particularly in the context of quantum error correction. However, such operations often require additional on-chip components. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a hardware-efficient approach to qubit reset and readout using a multimode Purcell filter in a superconducting quantum circuit. We exploit the inherent multimode structure of a coplanar waveguide resonator, using its fundamental and second-order modes for qubit reset and readout, respectively, thereby avoiding additional components. Implemented in a flip-chip architecture, our device achieves unconditional reset with residual excitation below 1% in 220 ns, and a leakage-reduction unit that selectively resets the second excited state within 62 ns, with a residual |f⟩ population of 6.1%, after accounting for the readout error. Despite the qubits being directly coupled to the filter in our configuration, the measured relaxation times are not degraded, owing to intrinsic Purcell protection provided by an auxiliary mode. To our knowledge, this work constitutes the first experimental demonstration exploiting different-order modes of a microwave resonator for distinct qubit operations, representing a new direction toward scalable, hardware-efficient quantum processor design.

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