Meissner effect in non-Hermitian superconductors

Shun Tamura; Helene Müller; Linus Aliani; Viktoriia Kornich

doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L180503

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Meissner effect in non-Hermitian superconductors

Shun Tamura, Helene Müller, Linus Aliani, Viktoriia Kornich

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.111.L180503 · Physical Review B

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Abstract

We study theoretically the Meissner effect in non-Hermitian systems of BCS type, i.e., with an electron-electron interaction leading to the mean-field description in a Cooper channel, via superfluid stiffness. We show that depending on the values of the mean fields, chemical potential, and temperature, we obtain a paramagnetic or diamagnetic Meissner effect. Notably, the positive real part of the product of the mean fields guarantees a diamagnetic Meissner effect in an s-wave three-dimensional (3D) non-Hermitian superconductor. Once the mean fields are close to being anti-Hermitian, 2D s-, px-, and d-wave superconductors exhibit interesting behavior, including negative superfluid stiffness giving the paramagnetic Meissner effect for certain parameters. Negative superfluid stiffness indicates instability of this collective state.