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Optical studies of gap, exchange, and hopping energies in the insulating cuprates

S. L. Cooper, G. A. Thomas, A. J. Millis, P. E. Sulewski, J. Orenstein, D. H. Rapkine, S-W. Cheong, P. L. Trevor

DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.42.10785 · Physical Review B

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Abstract

We have measured the insulating energy gap Δ and the exchange interaction J in a series of cuprate crystals, including T’-phase M2CuO4 (M=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd), T*-phase La,Tb,Sr2CuO4, and T-phase La2CuO4. We find that the energy gap scales predominantly with the in-plane Cu-O distance, scaling as δ logΔ/ δ logd∼-6. Furthermore, contrary to simple expectations, the energy gap increases with decreasing Cu-O distance, suggesting that Coulomb and other repulsive energies dominate the effects of band hybridization. Using a three-band Hubbard-model expression, our studies of Δ and J in the cuprates allow us to estimate that the hopping energy t scales with Cu-O distance as δ logt/δ logd∼-4.

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