Charge imbalance in superconductors in the low-temperature limit
F. Hübler, J. Camirand Lemyre, D. Beckmann, H. v. Löhneysen
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.184524 · Physical Review B
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Abstract
We explore charge imbalance in mesoscopic normal-metal/superconductor multiterminal structures at very low temperatures. The investigated samples, fabricated by e-beam lithography and shadow evaporation, consist of a superconducting aluminum bar with several copper wires forming tunnel contacts at different distances from each other. We have measured in detail the local and nonlocal conductance of these structures as a function of the applied bias voltage V, the applied magnetic field B, the temperature T, and the contact distance d. From these data the charge-imbalance relaxation length λQ∗ is derived. The bias-resolved measurements show a transition from dominant elastic scattering close to the energy gap to an inelastic two-stage relaxation at higher bias. We observe a strong suppression of charge imbalance with magnetic field, which can be directly linked to the pair-breaking parameter. In contrast, practically no temperature dependence of the charge-imbalance signal was observed below 0.5 K. These results are relevant for the investigation of other nonlocal effects such as crossed Andreev reflection and spin diffusion.
Source-reported materials — not catalogue approval
| Formula | Reported Tc (K) | Pressure (GPa) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Al Archive — visibility unverified Source-occurrence policy only; no material identity or catalogue acceptance is inferred from the formula. | 1.39 | Pressure not reported | unknown |
| Al Archive — visibility unverified Source-occurrence policy only; no material identity or catalogue acceptance is inferred from the formula. | 1.38 | Pressure not reported | unknown |
| Al Archive — visibility unverified Source-occurrence policy only; no material identity or catalogue acceptance is inferred from the formula. | 1.5 | Pressure not reported | unknown |
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