Nucleons or diquarks: Competition between clustering and color superconductivity in quark matter
Stéphane Pepin, Michael C. Birse, Judith A. McGovern, Niels R. Walet
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevC.61.055209 · Physical Review C
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Abstract
We study the instabilities of quark matter in the framework of a generalized Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model, in order to explore possible competition between three-quark clustering to form nucleons and diquark formation leading to color superconductivity. Nucleon and Δ solutions are obtained for the relativistic Faddeev equation at finite density and their binding energies are compared with those for the scalar and axial-vector diquarks found from the Bethe-Salpeter equation. In a model with interactions in both scalar and axial diquark channels, bound nucleons exist up to nuclear matter density. However, except at densities below about a quarter of that of nuclear matter, we find that scalar diquark formation is energetically favored. This raises the question of whether a realistic phase diagram of baryonic matter can be obtained from any model which does not incorporate color confinement.
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