Dual properties of dense quark matter with color superconductivity phenomenon

Abstract

In this paper, the massless Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model extended by the diquark interaction channel is considered. We study its phase structure at zero temperature and in the presence of baryon μB, isospin μI, chiral μ5, and chiral isospin μI5 chemical potentials in the mean-field approximation. It is shown that the model thermodynamic potential, which depends on three order parameters, M, π1, and Δ (where M, π1, and Δ are, respectively, the chiral, charged pion, and diquark condensates of the model), is symmetric with respect to the (dual) transformation when M↔π1 and simultaneously μI↔μI5. As a result, on the mean-field phase portrait of the model, the chiral symmetry breaking (CSB) and charged pion condensation (PC) phases turn out to be dually conjugate with each other, which greatly simplifies the study of the phase portrait of the model. In particular, the duality between CSB and charged PC phases means that in the (μI,μI5)-phase portrait these phases are mirror symmetrical with respect to the line μI=μI5, which at the same time is the symmetry axis of the color superconducting (CSC) phase. Moreover, it follows from our analysis that chiral μ5 chemical potential promotes the formation of CSC phase in dense quark matter. And together with μI5, it can generate the charged PC phase even at μI=0.

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