Propagation and Localization of Collective Excitations on a 24-Qubit Superconducting Processor
Yangsen Ye, Zi-Yong Ge, Yulin Wu, Shiyu Wang, Ming Gong, Yu-Ran Zhang, Qingling Zhu, Rui Yang, Shaowei Li, Futian Liang, Jin Lin, Yu Xu, Cheng Guo, Lihua Sun, Chen Cheng, Nvsen Ma, Zi Yang Meng, Hui Deng, Hao Rong, Chao-Yang Lu, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Heng Fan, Xiaobo Zhu, Jian-Wei Pan
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.050502 · Physical Review Letters
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Abstract
Superconducting circuits have emerged as a powerful platform of quantum simulation, especially for emulating the dynamics of quantum many-body systems, because of their tunable interaction, long coherence time, and high-precision control. Here in experiments, we construct a Bose-Hubbard ladder with a ladder array of 20 qubits on a 24-qubit superconducting processor. We investigate theoretically and demonstrate experimentally the dynamics of single- and double-excitation states with distinct behaviors, indicating the uniqueness of the Bose-Hubbard ladder. We observe the linear propagation of photons in the single-excitation case, satisfying the Lieb-Robinson bounds. The double-excitation state, initially placed at the edge, localizes; while placed in the bulk, it splits into two single-excitation modes spreading linearly toward two boundaries, respectively. Remarkably, these phenomena, studied both theoretically and numerically as unique properties of the Bose-Hubbard ladder, are represented coherently by pairs of controllable qubits in experiments. Our results show that collective excitations, as a single mode, are not free. This work paves the way to simulation of exotic logic particles by subtly encoding physical qubits and exploration of rich physics by superconducting circuits.
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