Limitations in Cooling Electrons using Normal-Metal-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions
J. P. Pekola, T. T. Heikkilä, A. M. Savin, J. T. Flyktman, F. Giazotto, F. W. J. Hekking
DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.056804 · Physical Review Letters
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Abstract
We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally two limiting factors in cooling electrons using biased tunnel junctions to extract heat from a normal metal into a superconductor. First, when the injection rate of electrons exceeds the internal relaxation rate in the metal to be cooled, the electrons do not obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution, and the concept of temperature cannot be applied as such. Second, at low bath temperatures, states within the gap induce anomalous heating and yield a theoretical limit of the achievable minimum temperature.
Source-reported materials — not catalogue approval
| Formula | Reported Tc (K) | Pressure (GPa) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Al Archive — visibility unverified Source-occurrence policy only; no material identity or catalogue acceptance is inferred from the formula. | — | Pressure not reported | unknown |
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